Biology
Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life
Subatomic Particles and Atomic Mass
Electron Shells, Electron Orbitals, and Valence Electrons
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and Molecular Diversity
Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Protein Folding and Denaturation
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
Local Conditions and Enzyme Activity
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
Excitation of Chlorophyll by Light
Chapter 11: Cell Communication
Signal Transduction and Second Messengers
Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle
Cellular Organization and Bacterial Cell Division
Cell Cycle Controls and Cancer
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chromosomes and Sexual Life Cycles
Origins of Genetic Variation among Offspring
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
Mendel's experiment and general terms
Alleles and the Law of segregation
Other factors influencing inheritance of a single gene /Pleiotropy
Epistasis and polygenic inheritance
Environmental effects on gene expression
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Inheritance of X-linked genes and X-inactivation
Genetic Recombination and Linkage
Alterations of Chromosome Structure
Inheritance of Organelle Genes
Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evidence of Genetic Material (DNA)
DNA Proofreading and Telomeres
Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein
Transcription, translation and genetic code
Molecular components of transcription
Molecular components of translation
Post-translational modifications and signaling mechanisms
Mutations and protein structure